Armenian Massacres Essay - 1538 Words

Armenian Massacres This order was made knowing that the Armenians would never make it through the desert, as they were given no food or water. What resulted was the genocide of the Armenian race. When Hitler addressed his henchmen on the topic of clearing Poland for more German lebensraum (living space) he was speaking of the genocide of the Polish Jews. Seeing the hesitant reaction of some of his generals, Hitler asked them â€Å"Who remembers the Armenians?† In fact, Hitler was correct. Although the term genocide had not yet been used, the Turks, in their systematic killing of Armenians in 1915, initiated the practice (Alexander 1). Years later in 1982, the United States Department of State issued this report: â€Å"Because the†¦show more content†¦has decided to declare a national remembrance day on April 24. Naturally, many Armenians feel as if their struggle was for nothing. Not only is the Turkish government not held accountable, they also refuse to admit that the Armenian massacre ever happened. They claim that the Armenians were an aggressive people and the Turks were simply acting in self -defense. Donald and Lorna Miller recount these actions of â€Å"self-defense† through the stories of many survivors, which they have collected in their book, Survivors: An Oral History of the Armenian Genocide. The survivors tell of the atrocities that they witnessed when the Young Turk regime decided to empty the Ottoman Empire of the Armenian race. One survivor from the town of Khapert explains the scenario as her father was taken away, (the men were the first to be killed): â€Å"My younger brother, Boghos, who was only three years old, was yelling after him saying, â€Å"Daddy let me come with you.† [But he did not return.] They took him [his father and other prisoners] near the River Euphrates, made them sit down as though to eat. The person who had seen this said that my father first bowed his head to pray, and when he was done, the Turks attacked them. I cannot tell you what brutalities they committed. It’s unbelievable and almost cannot be repeated. They used whatever they could [to kill them], from bottles on. He died there and was thrown in the river along with everyone else† (Miller and Miller 67). This isShow MoreRelatedThe Armenian Massacres Of The 1890 S1417 Words   |  6 PagesThe Armenian massacres of the 1890 s are an important marker in the history of humanitarian aid by the United States. Before this point, American humanitarian aid had been up to small committee efforts thrown together for an individual international crisis. During the 1890 s humanitarian reformers became more organized and elected officials began to look at the role the United States federal government could play in international humanitarian aid. (Wilson 27) At this time Protestant missionariesRead MoreMy Great Grandmother s Diary2378 Words   |  10 PagesToday I found my great grandmother’s diary in the attic while I was rummaging through old boxes. I learned that my great grandmother, Mari Hovhanness, was an Armenian living in the Ottoman Empire during the time of the Armenian Genocide of 1915. Born in 1888, Mari lived through the first bloody massacres in 1894 and again experienced the brutal attacks during the deportations in 1915-1917. She was married to the love of her life, Tavit Hovhaness, and had two children. Dying in November of 1915, theRead MoreThe Armenian Genocide And The Decline Of The Ottoman Empire1671 Words   |  7 PagesI. The primary underlying cause of the Armenian genocide derived from the decline of the Ottoman Empire towards the end of the 19th century, and was based on land dispute, religion, and ultra-nationalism. â€Å"One of the main factors that led to the Armenian genocide is to be found in the mental conditions and characteristics of Turkish National identity† (AkcÃŒ §am, 2004, 59). The Armenians have claimed their home in the southern Caucasus since 7th Century BCE. Throughout many centuries, the MongolRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Armenian Genocide873 Words   |  4 Pagesgenerous people â€Å"give† without the expectation of â€Å"taking† back, the world automatically offers them the better. There was poverty in all the villages of Armenia. Armenian Christians were continuously under attacks. The attacks against Christian Armenians occurred throughout the year 1915. This is the age that is well known for the Armenian Genocide, which was carried out by the Ottoman Turks. Escaping the Ottoman forces, my grandmother, Sosek Boghosian, found herself as a refuge in Iraq. Horrific actsRead MoreThe Conflict Between Turks And Armenians1399 Words   |  6 Pagesgrade, playing at the park with some friends from school when I witnessed a group of Armenian boys bullying a half-Turkish, half-Armenian child, calling him all sorts of names, including â€Å" Murderer† and â€Å"dirty Turk.† Although my parents never condoned racism of any kind, I grew up in a community where hostility between Turks and Armenians was just a part of life. Decades of animosity have transcended generations, Armenians still scarred from the 1915 Genocide of our people and bitter that Turkish officialsRead MoreThe Armenian Genocide And The Ukrainian Genocide1225 Words   |  5 Pagesof twenty-seven genocides have been documented across the world. During the 20th century, the Armenian Genocide and the Ukrainian genocide (Holodomor) transpired. Currently, in the 21st century, the world is witnessing another brutal genocide occurring in Myanmar. A kindred pattern of events is perceived throughout the duration of genocides along with slightly different attributes as well. The Armenian Genocide was strategically constructed by the Ottoman Empire from 1917-1919. During World War IRead MoreEssay about Armenian Genocide2049 Words   |  9 Pageselse feel extremely unsafe and uncomfortable. But imagine being unaware of the underlying plan to â€Å"cleanse† your ethnic group. The Armenian people faced this situation during the time of WWI. Life between the Turks (Armenia’s rival) and the Armenians was very complex. Not all Armenians hated the Turks, and not all Turks hated the Armenians. Consequently, the Armenian people were not aware of any forms of annihilation that were being plotted at the time. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;WhatRead MoreThe Role Of Diplomatic Relations Between Germany And Turkey1237 Words   |  5 Pagesrole in the severity of Armenian persecution and their motives in involving themselves in the Armenian situation and the, but also their rationale behind forming a relationship with the Ottoman Empire that began in the 1890s. In March of 2007, Dr. Margaret Lavinia Anderson, a Professor Emerita of History at the University of California, Berkeley, published an article in The Journal of Modern History, entitled â€Å"‘Down in Turkey, far away’: Human Rights, the Armenian Massacres, and Orientalism in WilhelmineRead More The Armenian Genocide Essay906 Words   |  4 Pages The Armenian Genocide, also known as the Armenian Holocaust, the Great Calamity, and the Armenian Massacre, was the organized killing of nearly 1.5 million Armenians. It occurred in the Ottoman Empire - present-day Turkey - where 2 million Armenians lived. The Armenian Genocide i s the second-most studied massacre, after the Nazi Holocaust. Twenty-two countries have officially recognized it as genocide, but the Republic of Turkey rejects the characterization of the events as genocide. Many ArmeniansRead MoreEssay on Recognizing the Armenian Genocide1266 Words   |  6 PagesThe Armenian Genocide, also known as the Armenian Holocaust, was the organized killing of Armenians. While there is no clear agreement on how many Armenians lost their lives, there is general agreement among Western scholars that over a million Armenians may have perished between 1914 and 1918. It all happened during the Ottoman Empire, present-day Turkey, where 2 million Armenians lived. The Armenian Genocide is the second-most studied massacre, after the Holocaust. To date Twenty-two countries

Influence of Culture Versus Communication Free Essays

First of all, defining â€Å"organizational culture is what employees perceive and how this perception creates a pattern of beliefs, values, and expectation (Matteson, 2002)†.Of course, any group or organization or human beings which gets together for a purpose has a kind of assumption invented, discovered or developed to learn and cope any issues/problems of external adaptation and internal integration that has a valuable to be thought to new members as a correct way to perceive, to think and to feel in relation to those issues/problems. At the other hand, communication is glue that holds organization together. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Culture Versus Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without this valuable interaction, nothing can be perceived, created and everyone in the organization would act as differently with no control for an unsustainable result. The two have a relationship because, for the organization to be effective, it has to have an effective communicator in the group who must understand not only general interpretation communication concepts, but also the characteristic of interpersonal communication within the organization or organizational communication. Since influencing is the process of guiding the activities of the organization members in the right and appropriate directions with effectiveness, there is ample coloration between both, the organizational culture and communication. Without the communication, nothing can be considered, encouraged, motivated, leaded, thought, understood and leaded. For and an appropriate organization. For a formal or informal culture within an organization, the input portions are: people, money, raw materials, and machines. The process seems to be the influence process where the consideration of the group, the motivation of the group, leading as managers to supervision, encouraging the group who after all understood through the communication. How to cite Influence of Culture Versus Communication, Essay examples

International Politics Discussed by Wendt and Waltz

Introduction In his book chapter, The anarchic structure of the world politics, Waltz argues that the domestic power structure is defined by the principles that govern it as well as the specialisation of its various functions (Waltz, 2010). He posits that while certain rulers may make laws, governments have the final word.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Politics Discussed by Wendt and Waltz specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his opinion, the international political structure is highly de-centralised and anarchical since various powers have individual autonomy, making the world fundamentally chaotic because it has no organised political power structure. This would, therefore, imply that the world is an un-orderly place by virtue of being anarchical, but apparently this in not the case. Waltz attributes this to the fact that the world exits in independent units that tend to unite with each other to eliminate some of the anarchies and secure themselves, which account for the many global organisations, such as the UN, the EU, the AU and others. However, from a globalised context, he contends that there is no de facto government and, as such, the world essentially has no rulers.   This paper focuses on discussing important aspects about international politics as highlighted by Wendt and Waltz. Body From a non-critical viewpoint, Wendt’s work appears to be a stark contrast to Waltz’s ideas. His key argument is that international political issues are not actually granted, but they are products of a variety of social interactions of agents, who are the people and the overall structure in a mutually constructive manner. He contends that the mutually interactive process takes place at both a macro and micro levels, with the latter being engendered in individual states. This lends credence to the supposition of contrast with the neorealism interests and preferences prop osed by Waltz. A second instance of contrast between the two thinkers’ ideas is the fact that Wendt applies a chronological approach to studying issues, which is the assumption in which a theory is deemed valid based on a temporal model (Wendt, 2010). While Waltz’s model is structured to make predictions and foresee possible outcomes, Wendt’s analysis is based on contingencies as well as outcomes.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I think Waltz belongs to structural realism school of IR, which he is credited for having created in understanding international affairs he has explained. Some of the recurring patterns in IR that he has tackled are the resemblance between the USSR and US relations, and retrospective Athens and Sparta one. Wendt on the other hand can be considered to belong to the neoclassicism school of IR. He states that power is socially c onstructed and not given or controlled by nature. Therefore, humans can actively transform their societies. For Waltz, it emerges as the product of rational assumptions he applies to the IR theory. On the other hand, Wendt assumes that given the natural attributes of humans who make up human societies and states, they personify the presuppositions of psychoanalytic social theorists (Wendt, 2010). Conclusions From the texts, I have learned some key lessons that would go a long way in impacting my understanding of international relations and politics. First, I have known that international affairs could be applied to impact economic growth trends of nations, which could be long-term or short-tem. Second, I have learned that the field of IR is highly dynamic, and there exists numerous ways through which its underpinning factors can be understood. Finally, I have learned that the two authors are renowned scholars in the field of IR. References Waltz, K. (2010). The anarchic structure of the world politics. In K. Waltz (Eds.), international politics (pp. 35-56). Illinois, IL: Waveland Press. Wendt, A. (2010). Anarchy is what states make of it. In K. Waltz (Eds.), international politics (pp. 65-72). Illinois, IL: Waveland Press.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Politics Discussed by Wendt and Waltz specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on International Politics Discussed by Wendt and Waltz was written and submitted by user Vivienne Wall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What is history essays

What is history essays Carl Becker, a historian, says history may be defined as the study of development on human societies in time and in space. This definition is true. Historians dont just study dates, presidents, and wars. They also arent just interested in famous people either. Historians are interested in all of human societies. Thats why the most important subject of history is man. Man has a lot to do with history. Man is what gave what we have this present day. For example, money houses roads, jobs and so on. Everyone has a history; everyone has a past. Which brings me to my next point. The minute that a person is conceived that person begins to develop in time. In other words he begins to develop a past that keeps going and going until that person has no life to live. People arent the only things that develop a past. States, nations, the whole world actually have pasts. Everything around us has a past; for example Killeen has a past because the town had to start building somewhere. Killeen started becoming a town because Fort Hood was an army base so it started to bring more and more people to the area and because the people were coming to the area businesses started to pop up which means houses and such started coming along with those businesses. Instead of historians studying the past year by year the past is studied in something called time periods. Space is the last thing that Becker said that history is a part of. Everything a human being does is influenced by the physical enviroment of the world. Natural resources, climate, soil, rivers, seas and mountains help out everything that a human being does. Historians study the history of human societies in any geographical area that man has been. For example towns or cities, parts of towns and cities, regions, states, nations, continents, the world and outer space. History can be studied in any geographical area just as long as th ...

What is history essays

What is history essays Carl Becker, a historian, says history may be defined as the study of development on human societies in time and in space. This definition is true. Historians dont just study dates, presidents, and wars. They also arent just interested in famous people either. Historians are interested in all of human societies. Thats why the most important subject of history is man. Man has a lot to do with history. Man is what gave what we have this present day. For example, money houses roads, jobs and so on. Everyone has a history; everyone has a past. Which brings me to my next point. The minute that a person is conceived that person begins to develop in time. In other words he begins to develop a past that keeps going and going until that person has no life to live. People arent the only things that develop a past. States, nations, the whole world actually have pasts. Everything around us has a past; for example Killeen has a past because the town had to start building somewhere. Killeen started becoming a town because Fort Hood was an army base so it started to bring more and more people to the area and because the people were coming to the area businesses started to pop up which means houses and such started coming along with those businesses. Instead of historians studying the past year by year the past is studied in something called time periods. Space is the last thing that Becker said that history is a part of. Everything a human being does is influenced by the physical enviroment of the world. Natural resources, climate, soil, rivers, seas and mountains help out everything that a human being does. Historians study the history of human societies in any geographical area that man has been. For example towns or cities, parts of towns and cities, regions, states, nations, continents, the world and outer space. History can be studied in any geographical area just as long as th ...

What is history essays

What is history essays Carl Becker, a historian, says history may be defined as the study of development on human societies in time and in space. This definition is true. Historians dont just study dates, presidents, and wars. They also arent just interested in famous people either. Historians are interested in all of human societies. Thats why the most important subject of history is man. Man has a lot to do with history. Man is what gave what we have this present day. For example, money houses roads, jobs and so on. Everyone has a history; everyone has a past. Which brings me to my next point. The minute that a person is conceived that person begins to develop in time. In other words he begins to develop a past that keeps going and going until that person has no life to live. People arent the only things that develop a past. States, nations, the whole world actually have pasts. Everything around us has a past; for example Killeen has a past because the town had to start building somewhere. Killeen started becoming a town because Fort Hood was an army base so it started to bring more and more people to the area and because the people were coming to the area businesses started to pop up which means houses and such started coming along with those businesses. Instead of historians studying the past year by year the past is studied in something called time periods. Space is the last thing that Becker said that history is a part of. Everything a human being does is influenced by the physical enviroment of the world. Natural resources, climate, soil, rivers, seas and mountains help out everything that a human being does. Historians study the history of human societies in any geographical area that man has been. For example towns or cities, parts of towns and cities, regions, states, nations, continents, the world and outer space. History can be studied in any geographical area just as long as th ...

Argot Definition and Examples

Argot Definition and Examples Argot is a specialized vocabulary or set of idioms used by a particular social class or group, especially one that functions outside the law. Also called cant and cryptolect. French novelist Victor Hugo observed that argot is subject to perpetual transformation- a secret and rapid work which ever goes on. It makes more progress in ten years than the regular language in ten centuries (Les Misà ©rables, 1862). ESL specialist Sara Fuchs notes that argot is both cryptic and playful in nature and it is . . . particularly rich in vocabulary referring to drugs, crime, sexuality, money, the police, and other authority figures (Verlan, lenvers, 2015). Etymology From the French, origin unknown Examples and Observations The Argot of the RacetrackThe argot of the racetrack is responsible for piker small town gambler, ringer illegally substituted horse, shoo-in fixed race, easy win, and others.(Connie C. Eble, Slang Sociability. UNC Press, 1996)The Argot of PrisonersPrison argot, originally defined as the jargon of thieves, is a particular form of slang (Einat 2005)- in some circumstances, a complete language- capable of describing the world from the perspective of the prison. It has been argued that prisoners live, think, and function within the framework defined by the argot (Encinas 2001), whose vocabulary may supply alternative names for objects, psychological states of minds, personnel roles, situations and the activities of prison life. Experienced inmates use argot fluently and can switch between regular names and their argot counterparts, and the degree of familiarity with argot is an important symbol of group membership among prison inmates (Einat 2005).(Ben Crewe and Tomer Einat, Argot (Pri son).Dictionary of Prisons and Punishment, ed. by Yvonne Jewkes and Jamie Bennett. Willan, 2008) The Argot of Pool PlayersThe poolroom hustler makes his living by betting against his opponents in different types of pool or billiard games, and as part of the playing and betting process he engages in various deceitful practices. The terms hustler for such a practice and hustling for his occupation have been in poolroom argot for decades, antedating their application to prostitutes.Like all other American deviant argots I know of, [hustlers argot] also reveals numerous facets that testify against a secrecy interpretation. Some examples: (1) Hustlers always use their argot among themselves when no outsiders are present, where it could not possibly have a secretive purpose. (2) The argot itself is not protected but is an open secret, i.e., its meanings are quite easily learned by any outsider who wishes to learn them and is an alert listener or questioner. (3) The argot is elaborated far beyond any conceivable need to develop a set of terms for deviant phenomena, and even far beyond any need to develop a full-scale technical vocabulary . . ..(Ned Polsky, Hustlers, Beats, and Others. Aldine, 2006) The Argot of Card PlayersA cardsharp who is out to cheat you may be dealing from the bottom of the deck and giving you a fast shuffle, in which case you may get lost in the shuffle. You might call such a low-down skunk a four-flusher. Flush, a hand of five cards all of one suit, flows from the Latin fluxus because all the cards flow together. Four-flusher characterizes a poker player who pretends to such good fortune but in fact holds a worthless hand of four same-suit cards and one that doesnt match.All of these terms originated with poker and other betting card games and have undergone a process that linguists call broadening. A good example of movement from one specific argot to another is wild card berth or wild card player as used in football and tennis. In these sports, a team hopes for back-to-back victories- from a fortuitous ace-down-ace-up as the first two cards in a game of five-card stud.(Richard Lederer, A Man of My Words. Macmillan, 2003)The Lighter Side of ArgotA strea k of humour runs through the traditional argot. Prisons were often described as schools, as in the contemporary College of Correction, and the hulks used to accommodate prisoners were the floating academies. Brothels were convents or nunneries, the prostitutes who worked in them were nuns, and the madam was an abbess.(Barry J. Blake, Secret Language. Oxford University Press, 2010) Pronunciation: ARE-go or ARE-get